标签： ModelForm

Django – 前端提交数据, 后端接收并入库简例 (ModelForm)

models.py

class Boss(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    img = models.CharField(verbose_name="头像", max_length=256)

这种写法需要在view_name.py文件中去处处理待保存文件的路径问题, 并调用create方法.

media_file_path = os.path.join("media", image_object.name)
print(media_file_path)
f = open(media_file_path, mode="wb")
for chunk in image_object.chunks():
    f.write(chunk)
    f.close()

models.Boss.objects.create(
    name = form.cleaned_data['name'],
    age = form.cleaned_data['age'],
    img = media_file_path,

class City(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="名称", max_length=64)
    count = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="人口")

    # 此处写成"FileField", 而不是"IntegerField", 这样FileField会多出upload_to='目录名'属性, 在入库时可快速将图片保存到该目录
    logo = models.FileField(verbose_name="logo", max_length=256, upload_to='city/')

view_name.py

class UpModelForm(BootStrapModelForm):
    class Meta:

        model = models.City
        fields = "__all__"

def upload_model_form(request):
    title = "ModelForm上传"
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = UpModelForm()
        return render(request, 'upload_form.html', {'form': form, "title": title})


    form = UpModelForm(data=request.POST, files=request.FILES)
    if form.is_valid():
        form.save()
        return HttpResponse('成功')

可以看到这种写法非常简捷, 保存路径已在创建model时设置, 而保存数据只需form.save()即可.

结果验证

保存路径: logo = models.FileField(verbose_name=”logo”, max_length=256, upload_to=’city/’)
如何保存: form.save()

前置条件

配置media目录. (实际使用中, 由于目录位置等差异, 根据实际情调整.)

setting.py

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")
MEDIA_URL = "/media/"

urls.py 路由

from django.views.static import serve
from django.conf import settings
re_path(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', serve, {"document_root": settings.MEDIA_ROOT}, name='media'),

2022年11月22日

Django – Form和ModelForm组件

表单的很多字段信息, 和models.py文件里的模型是一致的，为了避免重复代码，以及提高效率, 可以使用ModelForm，将模型和表单进行绑定。

Form

views.py

//创建业务类MyForm, 继承django中Form类
class MyForm(Form):  
    // Form类会在html中渲染出原始表单
    user = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Input)
    pwd = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    email = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    account = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    create_time = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    depart = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)
    gender = form.CharFiled(widget=forms.Input)


def user_add(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = MyForm()
        return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})

user_add.html (Form)

<form method="post">
    {% for field in form%}
    	{{ field }}
    {% endfor %}
    <!-- <input type="text"  placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>

或者

<form method="post">
    {{ form.user }}
    {{ form.pwd }}
    {{ form.email }}
    <!-- <input type="text"  placeholder="姓名" name="user" /> -->
</form>

ModelForm

models.py

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    """ 员工表 """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=16)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
    account = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="账户余额", max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, default=0)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="入职时间")
    depart = models.ForeignKey(to="Department", to_field="id", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    gender_choices = (
        (1, "男"),
        (2, "女"),
    )
    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="性别", choices=gender_choices)

views.py 快速建立表单

class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    name = forms.CharField(min_length=2, label="用户名")
    password = forms.CharField(label="密码")
    class Meta:
        model = UserInfo
        fields = ["name","password","age","xx"]


def user_add(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = MyForm()
        return render(request, 'user_add.html',{"form":form})

views.py 给表单添加样式

class UserModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    name = forms.CharField(min_length=2, label="用户名")
    password = forms.CharField(label="密码")
    # create_time = forms.DateTimeField()
    class Meta:
        model = models.UserInfo
        fields = ['name', 'password', 'age', 'account', 'create_time', 'gender', 'depart']
        
        # 方法1: 为前端元素添加类属性, 使其获得样式. 

        # widgets = {
        #     "name":forms.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})
        # }

        # 方法2: 为前端元素添加类属性, 使其获得样式. 
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)  #super() 函数是用于调用父类(超类)的一个方法。
        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            field.widget.attrs = {"class":"form-control", "placeholder":field.label}

user_add.html (ModelForm)

<form method="post" novalidate>
    {% csrf_token %}

    {% for field in form %}
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>{{ field.label }}</label>
            {{ field }}
            <span style="color: red">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
        </div>
    {% endfor %}

    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提交</button>

</form>

2022年11月16日